Basic and Applied Research

Basic research seeks to expand knowledge and understanding, without pursuing an immediate practical use. Applied research also seeks new knowledge, but its primary objective is to address a specific practical problem or achieve a defined practical aim. Thus, the essential difference lies in the immediate purpose of the inquiry, not in its scientific rigour.

Difference in primary objective

• Basic research investigates the underlying principles, mechanisms or relationships governing phenomena.
• Applied research directs investigation towards a specific practical need, problem or objective.
• Basic research is undertaken without a particular application or use being its immediate aim.
• Applied research begins with a practical objective, although its results may still add to general knowledge.

Relationship between the two

Basic and applied research are interconnected rather than mutually isolated categories.

• Knowledge produced through basic research can later enable applications that were not originally anticipated.
• Practical problems encountered in applied research can generate new questions for basic research.
• The distinction may become blurred when a research programme simultaneously advances understanding and pursues practical goals.

Applied research and experimental development

Applied research should not automatically be equated with producing a market-ready technology.

• Applied research generates knowledge directed towards a practical aim.
• Experimental development uses knowledge gained from research and practical experience to create or improve products, processes or services.

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