Reformed Multilateralism

Reformed multilateralism is India’s call to update global institutions so that countries can address shared problems through fair and effective collective action. It seeks institutions that reflect contemporary political and economic realities, provide greater representation to developing countries, and remain accountable, inclusive and responsive. It therefore favours reform of the existing multilateral order, not its abandonment.

Why reform is considered necessary

Many major multilateral institutions retain structures created after the Second World War, despite changes in membership, economic weight and the distribution of global power. India argues that under-representation of developing countries weakens both the legitimacy and effectiveness of global decision-making.

• Reform should make global governance more representative, democratic and equitable.
• Greater legitimacy can improve cooperation on security, development, climate change, health and other transnational challenges.

India's principal reform agenda

Reform of the United Nations, particularly the Security Council, is central to India’s position. India supports expansion in both permanent and non-permanent categories and seeks permanent membership in an enlarged Council.

• India works through the G4, comprising India, Brazil, Germany and Japan, to advocate Security Council reform.
• India also seeks a stronger voice for developing countries in international financial institutions through more equitable representation and governance.
• It supports an open, transparent, inclusive and rules-based multilateral trading system centred on the World Trade Organization.

Underlying diplomatic approach

India combines participation in universal institutions with issue-based coalitions and groupings such as BRICS and the G20. These forums are used to widen developing-country participation, build consensus and press established institutions to adapt.

• The approach connects reform with India’s support for the interests and representation of the Global South.
• It treats multilateral rules as sustainable only when rule-making institutions are broadly representative and responsive.