Integrated Vector Management

Integrated vector management, or IVM, is a coordinated approach that uses several compatible methods to control disease-carrying mosquitoes. It selects interventions through local surveillance and evidence, aiming for effective, economical and environmentally sound control rather than relying on routine insecticide spraying alone.

How the approach works

Authorities first identify the vector species, breeding habitats, disease distribution and insecticide susceptibility. They then choose a locally appropriate combination of measures and continuously assess its effect through entomological and disease surveillance.

• Decisions should reflect local ecology, transmission intensity, feasibility, cost and risks to human health and the environment.
• Monitoring insecticide resistance helps avoid ineffective chemicals and delays further resistance.

Methods combined under IVM

• Environmental management removes or modifies breeding sites through drainage, covering water containers, solid-waste management and prevention of stagnant water.
• Biological control uses natural predators or other biological agents against mosquito larvae where appropriate.
• Chemical control includes larvicides, indoor residual spraying or space spraying when surveillance and programme guidance justify their use.
• Personal protection includes insecticide-treated nets, screens, repellents and protective clothing.

Coordination and place in disease control

IVM requires health authorities, local bodies, water and sanitation agencies, communities and other sectors to coordinate their actions. Community participation is essential because many breeding sites occur around homes and workplaces.

• IVM complements early diagnosis, treatment, health education and vaccination where an effective vaccine is available.
• A vaccine protects vaccinated persons against a pathogen, whereas vector management reduces contact between mosquitoes and the wider population.

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